What is the level of proof needed when presenting a case before the grand jury?

The level of proof required when presenting a case before the grand jury is known as "probable cause." This standard involves a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed and that the suspect may have committed it. The grand jury's role is to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to formally charge an individual with a crime, and requiring probable cause ensures that the evidence presented meets a basic threshold of legitimacy.

"Clear and convincing evidence" and "preponderance of evidence" are higher standards used in civil cases, where the outcome involves determining liability rather than criminal charges. "Beyond a reasonable doubt" is the highest standard of proof, which is required during a criminal trial when determining guilt or innocence, but it is not applicable to the grand jury proceedings. The distinction between these standards is important in understanding the different phases of the legal process and the varying thresholds of evidence required at each stage.