What is the formal charging document produced by the grand jury?

The formal charging document produced by the grand jury is known as an indictment. This document is crucial in the legal process as it formally accuses an individual of a crime, allowing the prosecution to move forward with legal action. An indictment is issued after the grand jury reviews evidence and determines there is sufficient cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the accused should be tried.

The grand jury process is distinct because it operates in secrecy and does not involve the presence of a judge, unlike preliminary hearings where probable cause is determined in a more public forum. This method aims to protect the accused from unfounded charges that could damage their reputation.

Other documents mentioned, such as a summons, information, and complaint, serve different functions within the legal system. A summons typically directs a party to appear in court but does not imply criminal charges have been formally filed by a grand jury. Information is a formal accusation made by a prosecutor without the need for a grand jury. A complaint generally outlines the claimant's grievance but doesn't have the same legal standing as an indictment when it comes to criminal charges.