What is recognized as the oldest, most widely abused drug?

Alcohol is recognized as the oldest and most widely abused drug due to its long history of use across various cultures. Historical records indicate that alcohol, derived from fermented fruits and grains, has been consumed by humans for thousands of years. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Sumerians, brewed alcoholic beverages, and references can be found in some of the earliest written texts.

Alcohol's popularity stems from its psychoactive effects, which can produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation. Unlike many other substances listed, alcohol is socially accepted and legally available in most parts of the world. This widespread legality and cultural acceptance contribute significantly to its abuse, as it can be easily accessed and consumed.

While substances like cocaine, heroin, and marijuana also have their own histories and potential for abuse, they do not match the pervasive and longstanding use of alcohol throughout human history.